A single toggle plate jaw crusher is the easiest and most common type of jaw crusher. Here, the toggle plate is installed on one side of the jaw crusher, and the other side remains stationary. A toggle plate plays a crucial role in the jaw crusher’s performance by serving as a safety mechanism and supporting the moveable jaw.
The primary components of a single toggle plate jaw crusher include the following parts:
- Frame: The frame is the main structure of the jaw crusher, providing support to all other components. It is typically made of cast iron or steel and houses the entire machine.
- Pitman: The pitman is a heavy-duty steel casting that acts as an eccentric, converting the rotational motion of the eccentric shaft into the oscillating motion of the movable jaw.
- Swing Jaw: The swing jaw is the moveable part of the jaw crusher that crushes the material against the stationary jaw. It is attached to the pitman and moves in an elliptical motion.
- Toggle Plate: The toggle plate is a key component that connects the movable jaw to the rest of the jaw crusher. It is a cast iron or steel plate positioned at an angle to ensure a toggle-like action. The toggle plate serves as a safety device in case uncrushable material enters the crushing chamber, preventing damage to the crusher.
- Eccentric Shaft: The eccentric shaft is a crucial component responsible for the rotational motion of the pitman. It is usually made of forged steel and connects to the flywheel.
- Flywheel: The flywheel is a heavy, wheel-shaped component that helps balance the weight of the eccentric shaft and provides inertia to the crushing process. It also helps maintain a consistent speed and prevents the machine from stalling.
- Adjustment Wedges: These are wedge-shaped devices that can be adjusted to control the discharge opening of the jaw crusher, allowing for varying sizes of crushed material.
- Bearings: Bearings support the eccentric shaft and other moving parts of the jaw crusher, reducing friction and ensuring smooth operation.
In operation, the motor drives the eccentric shaft to rotate through a belt pulley, causing the pitman to move in an elliptical motion. The toggle plate plays a crucial role by transmitting the force from the eccentric shaft to the swing jaw. As the material enters the crushing chamber, it is compressed between the stationary and movable jaws until it reaches the desired size and is discharged through the bottom opening.
Regular maintenance of the single toggle plate jaw crusher is essential to ensure optimal performance and longevity. This includes lubrication of bearings, inspection of wear parts, and checking the overall condition of the machine. Understanding the various parts and their functions is crucial for efficient operation and troubleshooting any issues that may arise during the crushing process.